Essay on Testing the Theory of Multitasking - 1122 Words

This experimental investigation has to do with how human’s attention work. It is based on a replication of the well-known â€Å"Stroop Effect† carried out on 1935 by John Ridley Stroop. The aim of this experiment was to demonstrate how hard it is for a person’s attention to be divided in different tasks, by making the participants read a series of three stimuli which consisted of: 1) words of colors in black ink, 2) words of colors in their actual font color, and 3) color words with different ink, where the participant read the font instead of the word present. The research hypothesis supposed that selective attention is as easy to be performed visually as well as audibly. The controlled variable of the experiment were the black ink color†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"Stroop Effect† is a notorious experiment in which John Ridley Stroop revealed and observed how a person’s attention works partially by portraying simple yet complicated acti vities for the brain to decipher what they are really being asked to do. The participants had to react verbally when presented the series of stimuli as fast as they can with the minimum amount of mistakes they can evade. It is also of vital importance to point out how attention can become automatic through time in which people become used to things such as reading words’ color instead of the word; this can also confuse the person depending on their ability to concentrate, but still it will always be difficult to decode two tasks that have become automatic to a person. In the case study, the participants were shown three different types of stimuli which involved congruent color words of black ink, matching font color of the words, and finally instead of reading the word presented, they had to read the color of the word. As the stimuli were presented to each of the participants, it was noticeable that as the difficulty level increased, mistakes began to appear and there was a s light but relevant difference of increasing average time. 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Deception Point Page 102 Free Essays

â€Å"Hello,† Sexton’s outbound message crackled. â€Å"This is the office of Senator Sedgewick Sexton. If you are trying to send a fax, you may transmit at any time. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 102 or any similar topic only for you Order Now If not, you may leave a message at the tone.† Before Sexton could pick up, the machine beeped. â€Å"Senator Sexton?† The man’s voice had a lucid rawness to it. â€Å"This is William Pickering, director of the National Reconnaissance Office. You’re probably not in the office at this hour, but I need to speak immediately.† He paused as if waiting for someone to pick up. Gabrielle reached to pick up the receiver. Sexton grabbed her hand and violently yanked it away. Gabrielle looked stunned. â€Å"But that’s the director of-â€Å" â€Å"Senator,† Pickering continued, sounding almost relieved that no one had picked up. â€Å"I’m afraid I am calling with some very troubling news. I’ve just received word that your daughter Rachel is in extreme danger. I have a team trying to help her as we speak. I cannot talk in detail about the situation on the phone, but I was just informed she may have faxed you some data relating to the NASA meteorite. I have not seen the data, nor do I know what it is, but the people threatening your daughter have just warned me that if you or anyone goes public with the information, your daughter will die. I’m sorry to be so blunt, sir; I do it for clarity’s sake. Your daughter’s life is being threatened. If she has indeed faxed you something, do not share it with anyone. Not yet. Your daughter’s life depends on it. Stay where you are. I will be there shortly.† He paused. â€Å"With luck, senator, all of this will be resolved by the time you wake up. If, by chance, you get this message before I arrive at your office, stay where you are and call no one. I am doing everything in my power to get your daughter back safely.† Pickering hung up. Gabrielle was trembling. â€Å"Rachel is a hostage?† Sexton sensed that even in her disillusionment with him, Gabrielle felt a pained empathy to think of a bright young woman in danger. Oddly, Sexton was having trouble mustering the same emotions. Most of him felt like a child who had just been given his most wanted Christmas present, and he refused to let anyone yank it out of his hands. Pickering wants me to be quiet about this? He stood a moment, trying to decide what all of this meant. In a cold, calculating side of his mind, Sexton felt the machinery beginning to turn-a political computer, playing out every scenario and evaluating each outcome. He glanced at the stack of faxes in his hands and began to sense the raw power of the images. This NASA meteorite had shattered his dream of the presidency. But it was all a lie. A construct. Now, those who did this would pay. The meteorite that his enemies had created to destroy him would now make him powerful beyond anyone’s wildest imagination. His daughter had seen to that. There is only one acceptable outcome, he knew. Only one course of action for a true leader to take. Feeling hypnotized by the shining images of his own resurrection, Sexton was drifting through a fog as he crossed the room. He went to his copy machine and turned it on, preparing to copy the papers Rachel had faxed him. â€Å"What are you doing?† Gabrielle demanded, sounding bewildered. â€Å"They won’t kill Rachel,† Sexton declared. Even if something went wrong, Sexton knew losing his daughter to the enemy would only make him more powerful still. Either way he would win. Acceptable risk. â€Å"Who are those copies for?† Gabrielle demanded. â€Å"William Pickering said not to tell anyone!† Sexton turned from the machine and looked at Gabrielle, amazed by how unattractive he suddenly found her. In that instant, Senator Sexton was an island. Untouchable. Everything he needed to accomplish his dreams was now in his hands. Nothing could stop him now. Not claims of bribery. Not rumors of sex. Nothing. â€Å"Go home, Gabrielle. I have no more use for you.† 125 It’s over, Rachel thought. She and Tolland sat side by side on the deck staring up into the barrel of the Delta soldier’s machine gun. Unfortunately, Pickering now knew where Rachel had sent the fax. The office of Senator Sedgewick Sexton. Rachel doubted her father would ever receive the phone message Pickering had just left him. Pickering could probably get to Sexton’s office well before anyone else this morning. If Pickering could get in, quietly remove the fax, and delete the phone message before Sexton arrived, there would be no need to harm the senator. William Pickering was probably one of the few people in Washington who could finagle entry to a U.S. senator’s office with no fanfare. Rachel was always amazed at what could be accomplished â€Å"in the name of national security.† Of course if that fails, Rachel thought, Pickering could just fly by and send a Hellfire missile through the window and blow up the fax machine. Something told her this would not be necessary. Sitting close to Tolland now, Rachel was surprised to feel his hand gently slip into hers. His touch had a tender strength, and their fingers intertwined so naturally that Rachel felt like they’d done this for a lifetime. All she wanted right now was to lie in his arms, sheltered from the oppressive roar of the night sea spiraling around them. Never, she realized. It was not to be. Michael Tolland felt like a man who had found hope on the way to the gallows. Life is mocking me. For years since Celia’s death, Tolland had endured nights when he’d wanted to die, hours of pain and loneliness that seemed only escapable by ending it all. And yet he had chosen life, telling himself he could make it alone. Today, for the first time, Tolland had begun to understand what his friends had been telling him all along. Mike, you don’t have to make it alone. You’ll find another love. Rachel’s hand in his made this irony that much harder to swallow. Fate had cruel timing. He felt as if layers of armor were crumbling away from his heart. For an instant, on the tired decks of the Goya, Tolland sensed Celia’s ghost looking over him as she often did. Her voice was in the rushing water†¦ speaking the last words she’d spoken to him in life. â€Å"You’re a survivor,† her voice whispered. â€Å"Promise me you’ll find another love.† â€Å"I’ll never want another,† Tolland had told her. Celia’s smile was filled with wisdom. â€Å"You’ll have to learn.† Now, on the deck of the Goya, Tolland realized, he was learning. A deep emotion welled suddenly in his soul. He realized it was happiness. And with it came an overpowering will to live. Pickering felt oddly detached as he moved toward the two prisoners. He stopped in front of Rachel, vaguely surprised that this was not harder for him. â€Å"Sometimes,† he said, â€Å"circumstances raise impossible decisions.† Rachel’s eyes were unyielding. â€Å"You created these circumstances.† â€Å"War involves casualties,† Pickering said, his voice firmer now. Ask Diana Pickering, or any of those who die every year defending this nation. â€Å"You of all people should understand that, Rachel.† His eyes focused in on her. â€Å"Iactura paucourm serva multos.† He could see she recognized the words-almost a cliche in national security circles. Sacrifice the few to save the many. Rachel eyed him with obvious disgust. â€Å"And now Michael and I have become part of your few?† Pickering considered it. There was no other way. He turned to Delta-One. â€Å"Release your partner and end this.† Delta-One nodded. Pickering took a long last look at Rachel and then strode to the ship’s nearby portside railing, staring out at the sea racing by. This was something he preferred not to watch. Delta-One felt empowered as he gripped his weapon and glanced over at his partner dangling in the clamps. All that remained was to close the trapdoors beneath Delta-Two’s feet, free him from the clamps, and eliminate Rachel Sexton and Michael Tolland. How to cite Deception Point Page 102, Essay examples

Supply Chain Management of Homebase and Proposing Strategy

Question: Evaluate the supply chain management of Homebase and proposing strategy for reducing delivery costs? Answer: Introduction The word Supply Chain Management refers to the flow of services and goods. In this process, organizations store the raw materials, process the raw materials and ultimately promote the processed product among the consumers. Apart from that, this management system helps the companies in gaining competitive edge with the help of an effective supply chain process. According to Fawcett, Ellram and Ogden (2014), organizations are following step by step communication with different stakeholders for launching the product or services to the targeted market. In this competitive market, organizations are focusing on increasing product availability as per the product or service demand. As stated by Tayur, Ganeshan and Magazine (2012), it is highly important for the organizations to deliver the products or services as per the market demand. An effective supply chain management system is not only helpful for reaching to the targeted consumers, but also effective for creating a high market demand. This report is based on literature review is focusing on evaluating the supply chain management and its impact on organizational cost. The organization selected for this report is Homebase, UK, which retailer of home improvement products. Homebase deals with home improvement products since 1979 and the company operates from United Kingdome with over 265 stores all over the globe. The company especially deals with furniture, Kitchens products, outdoor living products, bathrooms accessories and gardening products. This report will emphasize that whether the company is considering the supply chain management as the key factor for reducing their delivery cost or not. Following is the literature review of supply chain management in relation with the activities of Homebase and the other organizations of this industry. Concept of Supply Chain management The process followed by the organizations for converting the raw materials into finished good and to deliver those finished goods to the consumers is known as the supply chain management. The concept of just in time is a method for reducing the time requirement of manufacturing process along with delivering the product within short time. This business method helps to deliver the product to the consumers within promised time (Fawcett, Ellram and Ogden 2014). As per the viewpoint of Seuring (2013), manufacture, sub-vendors, retailer and the service providers are responsible for conducting an effective supply chain within an organization. The entire process of an organization is focusing on fulfilling the market demand by delivering actual amount of finished goods. Moreover, Barney (2012) has mentioned that the way an organization has adopted for circulating their product or services is known as the supply chain process. For an example, the retail industry is dealing with the suppliers and the manufacturers for increasing product availability among the market. On the other hand, Ahi and Searcy (2013) identified that if a company is dealing with online product selling then the supply chain is including a product delivery section. There is different cost involvement in different stage of supply chain management and therefore, an effective supply chain management is highly important depending on the business process of the company. In case of Homebase, the company is providing delivery service to their consumers and therefore, the company is dealing with a strong logistic department (Zhu, Sarkis Lai, 2013). Apart from that, the delivery service involves a certain investment for conducting the whole process. Process of Supply Chain Management The supply chain management is a systematic process, which helps an organization in conducting the entire mechanism successfully (Brandenburg et al., 2014). The Kaizen Modelof management shows that continuous improvement in supply chain process is highly important in order to gain competitive advantage. This model focuses on five different aspects such as teamwork, personal discipline, improved moral, quality circles and suggestions (Green et al., 2012). On the other hand, the quick response approach helps an organization to communicate with the suppliers at top priority. Apart from that, an effective supply chain process should have a proper monitoring mechanism for getting successful outcome. Following is the five-step process of an effective supply chain management, which can facilitate an organization in circulating products among the targeted market. Plan: This is the first step of this process, which helps an organization to build an effective strategy for managing organizational resources to develop the services or the products. According to Pagell and Shevchenko (2014), in this process, manages and the employees of an organization is directly involved for developing an effective strategies. However, Hsu et al. (2013) argued that some managers are unwilling to consider the viewpoint of the employees while taking organizational decision. The research of Tseng and Chiu (2013) is showing that the planning process includes the ways in which the organization is going to utilize the resources. Resources include the raw materials and the workforce of an organization. In case of Homebase, the company is utilizing their resources such as workforce and raw materials for developing the products and services. Moreover, Lin (2013) has mentioned that the company is relying upon the employees decision for conducting the final decision-making process. The company is also focusing on delivering the products within the estimated time along with reducing the cost involvement. Majorly, the online retail organizations are considering the delivery cost while developing the strategy for supply chain management (Green et al., 2012). It helps the organizations in reducing organizational cost and increasing organizational profitability at the same time. Suppliers: In this step of supply chain management, organizations choose the supplies from the market. In this step an organization develop the pricing strategy, delivery process and the payment process as well. According to Winter and Knemeyer (2013), this is the most crucial activity of an organization, as choosing the proper suppliers for the products and services is highly important for getting successive outcome. The delivery cost is determined in this particular step. In case of retail industry, either the organizations are choosing the retailers or they are directly delivering the product to the consumers. In order to deliver the product directly to the consumers, organizations are relying upon their logistic department (Mathiyazhagan et al., 2013). It is highly important for the companies to build a strong and long-term relationship with the suppliers for conducting sustainable business in competitive market. However, the process of logistic department is depending upon diffe rent external factors, which can create barriers for the logistic department while delivering products to the consumers. Manufacturing: In this step, managers of an organization determine the process of production, testing, packaging and product or service delivery. In this process, an organization focuses on the internal process of the organization. As per the viewpoint of Sarkis (2012), the internal process refers to the performance quality of the workforce and their work productivity. Moreover, the managers are implementing strategies for enhancing performance quality of the workforce, which influence the quality of the product or services. The major aim of the managers is to improving the product quality for satisfying the consumers needs and expectations. However, Ashby, Leat and Hudson-Smith (2012) opposed that understanding the consumers expectation accurately is not possible for an organization. Organizations only can predict consumers buying behavior, which helps the organization in influencing purchase decision in an effective manner. In case of quality testing process, organizations monitor the product quality for ensuring the consumers regarding the product quality (Walker Jones, 2012). Retail industry is considering this factor for retaining their consumers, which helps in gaining competitive advantages. However, this industry is dealing with high quantity sales and therefore, it is difficult for the organizations to maintain the product quality in frequent rate. Delivery: This is the fourth stage of supply chain management in which organizations deliver the product to the consumers. Apart from that, managers coordinate with the order receipt for preparing the product. According to Paulraj, Chen and Blome (2015), this is the most important step of supply chain management in which organizations reduce cost and increases profitability. However, the delivery process is sometimes influenced by some external factors, which reduces organizational performance. In order to satisfy the consumers, managers focuses on time reduction of the delivery process. In addition, the managers are also considering the cost deduction while delivering the product to the end users (Simpson et al., 2015). Homebase is focusing on reducing the delivery cost and time for enhancing organizational profitability in an effective manner. In this section of supply chain management, delivery of the product is taken into consideration. The product can be delivered directly to th e consumers or it can be the suppliers and wholesaler. In either case, it helps the company in increasing product availability among the targeted market. In current days, consumers buying preference is changing rapidly. As stated by Golicic and Smith (2013), the consumers are willing to buy a product after comparing with different brand. Therefore, Homebase has developed the online retail store, which is allowing the company in delivering the product directly to the consumers. Apart from Homebase, many other organizations such as Amazon and Alibaba are using this process of supply chain for satisfying their consumers (Govindan et al., 2014). Previously, Homebase was implementing the traditional process of product delivery; however, in current days, the company has adopted this innovation for gaining competitive edge. Monitoring: According to Seuring and Gold (2012), this is the final step of supply chain management, which allows the managers to review the entire process of supply chain management for investigating the organizational performance. If one of the steps of supply chain fails, then the entire mechanism of the organization will be hampered and the organization may face critical situation. Therefore, it is important for the managers to conduct continuous monitoring process for getting successful outcome (Tatoglu et al., 2015). A successful process monitoring enables the company in gathering consumers feedbacks for identifying that whether the consumers are satisfied with the service or not. Depending on consumers feedbacks, companies are improving their internal process. However, Priem and Swink (2012) mentioned that there are many risk factors are associated with this process of change. In order to avoid the negative impact of change, an organization investigates the risk factors and ta kes necessary action for reducing negative impact of the risk factors. The retail industry is focusing on enhancing the service quality; while on the other hand, the manufacturing industry is considering the internal process for ensuring the product quality (Beske, Land and Seuring, 2014). For example, Homebase is monitoring the manufacturing process and the delivery process along with the entire supply chain process for satisfying the consumers needs and requirements. Elements for delivery cost reduction Communication with shipping representatives According to Beske and Seuring (2014), every organization is delivering their products to the consumers with the help of the shipping representative. The role of the shipping representatives is to negotiate the shipping cost with the shipping company. Therefore, it is highly important for the retail organizations to communicate with the representatives for reducing the cost of delivery. Moreover, this process helps a retail organization in making the delivery process more comfortable, which is important for satisfying the consumers as well. However, Awudu and Zhang (2012) have argued that in this process, a retail organization needs to build a long-term relationship with the representatives for maintaining a low delivery cost. Along with that, the company needs to ship bulk amount of products for considering the benefits of the representatives. Flat rate of shipping There are different shipping companies offering flat rate for delivering products. However, the cost of delivery is depending on the geographical location (Zhu, Sarkis Lai, 2012). A retail organization needs to consider the shipment location before choosing the shipping company. In addition, shipping companies are offering a free packaging for the products, which is highly beneficial for the retail companies and therefore, selecting the shipping company is the most sensitive task for a retail organization. As per the viewpoint of Guang et al. (2012), the cost of delivery is depending on the product weight and the delivery zone as well. Therefore, process of flat delivery cost is confusing and the retail organizations need to identify the actual rate chart of the shipment company by communicating with the representative. Communicate with the consumers According to Tatoglu et al. (2015), in order to reduce the delivery cost, it is highly important to communicate the consumers to know their requirements. For example, a consumer may need the product within a day. In that case, the company should avail air journey for delivering the product. However, Golicic and Smith (2013) stated that if the consumers dont require the product within a day, then the company can reduce the shipment cost by availing a rode transit. The internal process of a retail organization is playing a major role in this aspect (Walker Jones, 2012). Apart from that, use of innovative technology can help the company in knowing the customers needs and requirements in an effective manner. Therefore, it can be said that using the appropriate delivery process for the appropriate consumer can reduce the delivery cost of the product. Determine the delivery cost Determining the delivery cost for a particular product is a complex process. It is highly important for the company to set different delivery cost for deferent location (Mathiyazhagan et al. 2013). Apart from that, the product weight is also a considerable factor, which influences the delivery cost. In case of Homebase, the company is dealing with home improvement products and therefore, the products are difficult to handle on the time of transit. According to Green et al. (2012), it is highly important for the company to provide a quality packaging for reducing chances of product damage. A consumer will never pay for a damage product. Therefore, the company needs to invest certain amount in product packaging for reducing the entire delivery cost. However, Pagell and Shevchenko (2014) has argued that the delivery cost needs to be taken from the consumers for reducing overall organizational for a product. Packaging The packaging material can reduce the overall weight of the package. Therefore, it is highly important for the company to determine the required material for packaging the product (Seuring, 2013). Apart from that, the quality of the packaging material should be as per the requirement. A product, which needs a high quality packaging for ensuring low damage on transit, requires a high quality packaging. On the other hand, Brandenburg et al. (2014) opposed that for the products, which are not difficult to handle can be delivered with a low quality packaging. Therefore, a retail company can reduce the overall delivery cost by reducing the packaging cost. Theory of Supply Chain management Lean supply chain approach The term lean refers to the process of reducing the wastage activities for enhancing organizational profitability. According to Tayur, Ganeshan and Magazine (2012), the approach of lean management can be implemented on the manufacturing process. It helps an organization in reducing organizational cost in an effective manner. Apart from that, the approach of lean can also be implemented on the logistic and supply chain of an organization. This approach is focusing on the consumers needs and requirements and depending on the consumers needs and requirements, organizations develop the internal organization process such as supply chain and logistic mechanism by deducting the wastage processes (Zhu, Sarkis Lai, 2012). In addition, adding value to the existing service as per the consumers requirement helps an organization in satisfying the consumers in an effective manner. As per the viewpoint of Lin (2013), in order to increase value of the ultimate service, it is highly important for the company to understand that what are the organizational activities are creating value for the consumers. Reducing the extra organizational activities can reduce the overall organizational cost for the company. When it comes to the supply chain process, there are different activities, which are not creating value for the organization and the consumers as well. Winter and Knemeyer (2013) has stated that this theory of supply chain suggests that reducing the extra organizational activities of supply chain management can reduce the delivery coat of products. In case of logistic activities, an organization monitors the market demand and as per the market demand the organization produces the products. In this process th e organization can reduce cost requirements by identifying the activities, which are not effective for conducting the entire process. However, Ahi and Searcy (2013) have argued that the process of reducing waste activities is very complex and most of the companies are struggling while conducting lean management of supply chain and logistic process. In order to gain competitive advantage, retain industry is focusing on reducing their manufacturing and delivering cost as well (Tayur, Ganeshan Magazine, 2012). As the retail market is very competitive and every organization is relying upon low pricing strategy, it is not possible for the companies to reduce their product cost for increasing profitability. Therefore, in current days, the intention of business organizations has diverted to the cost of supply chain and the product delivery cost. According to Sarkis (2012), there are different companies are offering home improvement products like Homebase and therefore, the company has implemented a strategy for satisfying the consumers by providing product delivery. However, Paulraj, Chen and Blome (2015) have mentioned that in previous day, the company was using a traditional process for delivering the products. Therefore, there are certain cost involvement has introduced, which the company is reducing by implementing lean theory of supply chain. Questionnaire Evaluating the supply chain management of Homebase in Richmond and Proposing strategies to reduce delivery costs. Section I Description of the existing supply chain for the Dulux supplier: What is your current supply chain model? We receive deliveries direct from suppliers for some product ranges and also through depots. Seasonal stock is delivered initially at the start of the season by a single container direct from the port. Horticulture product is delivered through a specialized depot. What stages include the logistic process? (Please put stages in numerical order). Supplier:1 Central warehouse: Distribution center:2 Local warehouse: Store: Other (please explain) Which operations include every stage? (please tick) Stage Packaging Loading Transportation Unloading Supplier X X X X Central warehouse X X X Distribution center X X X Local warehouse X Store X Other Data analysis In order to gather primary data from Homebase, the researcher has created 27 questions. In this section, managers of the company have provided their viewpoint regarding the supply chain process, which has been adopted by the company. After gathering the primary information, it can be said that Homebase has adopted a lean supply chain model in which the company receive deliveries directly from the suppliers. In order to deliver seasonal stocks, Homebase use single container. The primary data gathered suggests that the logistic process of Homebase includes two major stages such as suppliers and distributor channel. In addition, the operations include in each stages are packaging, loading, transportation and unloading. In this particular process, the current delivery time of Homebase of 6 to 10 days from the date of shipment. Apart from that, manager of Homebase has stated that just 60% to 70% products are delivered on the expected time. In order to adjust ordering volume, Homebase use an automated ordering system. In this particular system, the organization can modify the product quantity during the process. When it comes to the transportation, Homebase has adopted three kinds of transportation system such as central to local warehouse, local warehouse to store and store to customers. The primary data collection process reviled that flexibility in transportation process is one of the major reason of transportation outsourcing. Conclusion After preparing the report, it can be concluded that transport delay is one of the major issue faced by Homebase. Apart from that, from the primary data collection process, it can be said that Homebase has a poor distribution network. As per the literature review, it is highly important to improve the supply chain process in order to reduce delivery cost. Therefore, this report consists of different models, theories and processes of supply chain management. Implementing these processes would reduce the delivery cost for Homebase effectively. 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