Essay on Testing the Theory of Multitasking - 1122 Words

This experimental investigation has to do with how human’s attention work. It is based on a replication of the well-known â€Å"Stroop Effect† carried out on 1935 by John Ridley Stroop. The aim of this experiment was to demonstrate how hard it is for a person’s attention to be divided in different tasks, by making the participants read a series of three stimuli which consisted of: 1) words of colors in black ink, 2) words of colors in their actual font color, and 3) color words with different ink, where the participant read the font instead of the word present. The research hypothesis supposed that selective attention is as easy to be performed visually as well as audibly. The controlled variable of the experiment were the black ink color†¦show more content†¦The â€Å"Stroop Effect† is a notorious experiment in which John Ridley Stroop revealed and observed how a person’s attention works partially by portraying simple yet complicated acti vities for the brain to decipher what they are really being asked to do. The participants had to react verbally when presented the series of stimuli as fast as they can with the minimum amount of mistakes they can evade. It is also of vital importance to point out how attention can become automatic through time in which people become used to things such as reading words’ color instead of the word; this can also confuse the person depending on their ability to concentrate, but still it will always be difficult to decode two tasks that have become automatic to a person. In the case study, the participants were shown three different types of stimuli which involved congruent color words of black ink, matching font color of the words, and finally instead of reading the word presented, they had to read the color of the word. As the stimuli were presented to each of the participants, it was noticeable that as the difficulty level increased, mistakes began to appear and there was a s light but relevant difference of increasing average time. 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Deception Point Page 102 Free Essays

â€Å"Hello,† Sexton’s outbound message crackled. â€Å"This is the office of Senator Sedgewick Sexton. If you are trying to send a fax, you may transmit at any time. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 102 or any similar topic only for you Order Now If not, you may leave a message at the tone.† Before Sexton could pick up, the machine beeped. â€Å"Senator Sexton?† The man’s voice had a lucid rawness to it. â€Å"This is William Pickering, director of the National Reconnaissance Office. You’re probably not in the office at this hour, but I need to speak immediately.† He paused as if waiting for someone to pick up. Gabrielle reached to pick up the receiver. Sexton grabbed her hand and violently yanked it away. Gabrielle looked stunned. â€Å"But that’s the director of-â€Å" â€Å"Senator,† Pickering continued, sounding almost relieved that no one had picked up. â€Å"I’m afraid I am calling with some very troubling news. I’ve just received word that your daughter Rachel is in extreme danger. I have a team trying to help her as we speak. I cannot talk in detail about the situation on the phone, but I was just informed she may have faxed you some data relating to the NASA meteorite. I have not seen the data, nor do I know what it is, but the people threatening your daughter have just warned me that if you or anyone goes public with the information, your daughter will die. I’m sorry to be so blunt, sir; I do it for clarity’s sake. Your daughter’s life is being threatened. If she has indeed faxed you something, do not share it with anyone. Not yet. Your daughter’s life depends on it. Stay where you are. I will be there shortly.† He paused. â€Å"With luck, senator, all of this will be resolved by the time you wake up. If, by chance, you get this message before I arrive at your office, stay where you are and call no one. I am doing everything in my power to get your daughter back safely.† Pickering hung up. Gabrielle was trembling. â€Å"Rachel is a hostage?† Sexton sensed that even in her disillusionment with him, Gabrielle felt a pained empathy to think of a bright young woman in danger. Oddly, Sexton was having trouble mustering the same emotions. Most of him felt like a child who had just been given his most wanted Christmas present, and he refused to let anyone yank it out of his hands. Pickering wants me to be quiet about this? He stood a moment, trying to decide what all of this meant. In a cold, calculating side of his mind, Sexton felt the machinery beginning to turn-a political computer, playing out every scenario and evaluating each outcome. He glanced at the stack of faxes in his hands and began to sense the raw power of the images. This NASA meteorite had shattered his dream of the presidency. But it was all a lie. A construct. Now, those who did this would pay. The meteorite that his enemies had created to destroy him would now make him powerful beyond anyone’s wildest imagination. His daughter had seen to that. There is only one acceptable outcome, he knew. Only one course of action for a true leader to take. Feeling hypnotized by the shining images of his own resurrection, Sexton was drifting through a fog as he crossed the room. He went to his copy machine and turned it on, preparing to copy the papers Rachel had faxed him. â€Å"What are you doing?† Gabrielle demanded, sounding bewildered. â€Å"They won’t kill Rachel,† Sexton declared. Even if something went wrong, Sexton knew losing his daughter to the enemy would only make him more powerful still. Either way he would win. Acceptable risk. â€Å"Who are those copies for?† Gabrielle demanded. â€Å"William Pickering said not to tell anyone!† Sexton turned from the machine and looked at Gabrielle, amazed by how unattractive he suddenly found her. In that instant, Senator Sexton was an island. Untouchable. Everything he needed to accomplish his dreams was now in his hands. Nothing could stop him now. Not claims of bribery. Not rumors of sex. Nothing. â€Å"Go home, Gabrielle. I have no more use for you.† 125 It’s over, Rachel thought. She and Tolland sat side by side on the deck staring up into the barrel of the Delta soldier’s machine gun. Unfortunately, Pickering now knew where Rachel had sent the fax. The office of Senator Sedgewick Sexton. Rachel doubted her father would ever receive the phone message Pickering had just left him. Pickering could probably get to Sexton’s office well before anyone else this morning. If Pickering could get in, quietly remove the fax, and delete the phone message before Sexton arrived, there would be no need to harm the senator. William Pickering was probably one of the few people in Washington who could finagle entry to a U.S. senator’s office with no fanfare. Rachel was always amazed at what could be accomplished â€Å"in the name of national security.† Of course if that fails, Rachel thought, Pickering could just fly by and send a Hellfire missile through the window and blow up the fax machine. Something told her this would not be necessary. Sitting close to Tolland now, Rachel was surprised to feel his hand gently slip into hers. His touch had a tender strength, and their fingers intertwined so naturally that Rachel felt like they’d done this for a lifetime. All she wanted right now was to lie in his arms, sheltered from the oppressive roar of the night sea spiraling around them. Never, she realized. It was not to be. Michael Tolland felt like a man who had found hope on the way to the gallows. Life is mocking me. For years since Celia’s death, Tolland had endured nights when he’d wanted to die, hours of pain and loneliness that seemed only escapable by ending it all. And yet he had chosen life, telling himself he could make it alone. Today, for the first time, Tolland had begun to understand what his friends had been telling him all along. Mike, you don’t have to make it alone. You’ll find another love. Rachel’s hand in his made this irony that much harder to swallow. Fate had cruel timing. He felt as if layers of armor were crumbling away from his heart. For an instant, on the tired decks of the Goya, Tolland sensed Celia’s ghost looking over him as she often did. Her voice was in the rushing water†¦ speaking the last words she’d spoken to him in life. â€Å"You’re a survivor,† her voice whispered. â€Å"Promise me you’ll find another love.† â€Å"I’ll never want another,† Tolland had told her. Celia’s smile was filled with wisdom. â€Å"You’ll have to learn.† Now, on the deck of the Goya, Tolland realized, he was learning. A deep emotion welled suddenly in his soul. He realized it was happiness. And with it came an overpowering will to live. Pickering felt oddly detached as he moved toward the two prisoners. He stopped in front of Rachel, vaguely surprised that this was not harder for him. â€Å"Sometimes,† he said, â€Å"circumstances raise impossible decisions.† Rachel’s eyes were unyielding. â€Å"You created these circumstances.† â€Å"War involves casualties,† Pickering said, his voice firmer now. Ask Diana Pickering, or any of those who die every year defending this nation. â€Å"You of all people should understand that, Rachel.† His eyes focused in on her. â€Å"Iactura paucourm serva multos.† He could see she recognized the words-almost a cliche in national security circles. Sacrifice the few to save the many. Rachel eyed him with obvious disgust. â€Å"And now Michael and I have become part of your few?† Pickering considered it. There was no other way. He turned to Delta-One. â€Å"Release your partner and end this.† Delta-One nodded. Pickering took a long last look at Rachel and then strode to the ship’s nearby portside railing, staring out at the sea racing by. This was something he preferred not to watch. Delta-One felt empowered as he gripped his weapon and glanced over at his partner dangling in the clamps. All that remained was to close the trapdoors beneath Delta-Two’s feet, free him from the clamps, and eliminate Rachel Sexton and Michael Tolland. How to cite Deception Point Page 102, Essay examples

Supply Chain Management of Homebase and Proposing Strategy

Question: Evaluate the supply chain management of Homebase and proposing strategy for reducing delivery costs? Answer: Introduction The word Supply Chain Management refers to the flow of services and goods. In this process, organizations store the raw materials, process the raw materials and ultimately promote the processed product among the consumers. Apart from that, this management system helps the companies in gaining competitive edge with the help of an effective supply chain process. According to Fawcett, Ellram and Ogden (2014), organizations are following step by step communication with different stakeholders for launching the product or services to the targeted market. In this competitive market, organizations are focusing on increasing product availability as per the product or service demand. As stated by Tayur, Ganeshan and Magazine (2012), it is highly important for the organizations to deliver the products or services as per the market demand. An effective supply chain management system is not only helpful for reaching to the targeted consumers, but also effective for creating a high market demand. This report is based on literature review is focusing on evaluating the supply chain management and its impact on organizational cost. The organization selected for this report is Homebase, UK, which retailer of home improvement products. Homebase deals with home improvement products since 1979 and the company operates from United Kingdome with over 265 stores all over the globe. The company especially deals with furniture, Kitchens products, outdoor living products, bathrooms accessories and gardening products. This report will emphasize that whether the company is considering the supply chain management as the key factor for reducing their delivery cost or not. Following is the literature review of supply chain management in relation with the activities of Homebase and the other organizations of this industry. Concept of Supply Chain management The process followed by the organizations for converting the raw materials into finished good and to deliver those finished goods to the consumers is known as the supply chain management. The concept of just in time is a method for reducing the time requirement of manufacturing process along with delivering the product within short time. This business method helps to deliver the product to the consumers within promised time (Fawcett, Ellram and Ogden 2014). As per the viewpoint of Seuring (2013), manufacture, sub-vendors, retailer and the service providers are responsible for conducting an effective supply chain within an organization. The entire process of an organization is focusing on fulfilling the market demand by delivering actual amount of finished goods. Moreover, Barney (2012) has mentioned that the way an organization has adopted for circulating their product or services is known as the supply chain process. For an example, the retail industry is dealing with the suppliers and the manufacturers for increasing product availability among the market. On the other hand, Ahi and Searcy (2013) identified that if a company is dealing with online product selling then the supply chain is including a product delivery section. There is different cost involvement in different stage of supply chain management and therefore, an effective supply chain management is highly important depending on the business process of the company. In case of Homebase, the company is providing delivery service to their consumers and therefore, the company is dealing with a strong logistic department (Zhu, Sarkis Lai, 2013). Apart from that, the delivery service involves a certain investment for conducting the whole process. Process of Supply Chain Management The supply chain management is a systematic process, which helps an organization in conducting the entire mechanism successfully (Brandenburg et al., 2014). The Kaizen Modelof management shows that continuous improvement in supply chain process is highly important in order to gain competitive advantage. This model focuses on five different aspects such as teamwork, personal discipline, improved moral, quality circles and suggestions (Green et al., 2012). On the other hand, the quick response approach helps an organization to communicate with the suppliers at top priority. Apart from that, an effective supply chain process should have a proper monitoring mechanism for getting successful outcome. Following is the five-step process of an effective supply chain management, which can facilitate an organization in circulating products among the targeted market. Plan: This is the first step of this process, which helps an organization to build an effective strategy for managing organizational resources to develop the services or the products. According to Pagell and Shevchenko (2014), in this process, manages and the employees of an organization is directly involved for developing an effective strategies. However, Hsu et al. (2013) argued that some managers are unwilling to consider the viewpoint of the employees while taking organizational decision. The research of Tseng and Chiu (2013) is showing that the planning process includes the ways in which the organization is going to utilize the resources. Resources include the raw materials and the workforce of an organization. In case of Homebase, the company is utilizing their resources such as workforce and raw materials for developing the products and services. Moreover, Lin (2013) has mentioned that the company is relying upon the employees decision for conducting the final decision-making process. The company is also focusing on delivering the products within the estimated time along with reducing the cost involvement. Majorly, the online retail organizations are considering the delivery cost while developing the strategy for supply chain management (Green et al., 2012). It helps the organizations in reducing organizational cost and increasing organizational profitability at the same time. Suppliers: In this step of supply chain management, organizations choose the supplies from the market. In this step an organization develop the pricing strategy, delivery process and the payment process as well. According to Winter and Knemeyer (2013), this is the most crucial activity of an organization, as choosing the proper suppliers for the products and services is highly important for getting successive outcome. The delivery cost is determined in this particular step. In case of retail industry, either the organizations are choosing the retailers or they are directly delivering the product to the consumers. In order to deliver the product directly to the consumers, organizations are relying upon their logistic department (Mathiyazhagan et al., 2013). It is highly important for the companies to build a strong and long-term relationship with the suppliers for conducting sustainable business in competitive market. However, the process of logistic department is depending upon diffe rent external factors, which can create barriers for the logistic department while delivering products to the consumers. Manufacturing: In this step, managers of an organization determine the process of production, testing, packaging and product or service delivery. In this process, an organization focuses on the internal process of the organization. As per the viewpoint of Sarkis (2012), the internal process refers to the performance quality of the workforce and their work productivity. Moreover, the managers are implementing strategies for enhancing performance quality of the workforce, which influence the quality of the product or services. The major aim of the managers is to improving the product quality for satisfying the consumers needs and expectations. However, Ashby, Leat and Hudson-Smith (2012) opposed that understanding the consumers expectation accurately is not possible for an organization. Organizations only can predict consumers buying behavior, which helps the organization in influencing purchase decision in an effective manner. In case of quality testing process, organizations monitor the product quality for ensuring the consumers regarding the product quality (Walker Jones, 2012). Retail industry is considering this factor for retaining their consumers, which helps in gaining competitive advantages. However, this industry is dealing with high quantity sales and therefore, it is difficult for the organizations to maintain the product quality in frequent rate. Delivery: This is the fourth stage of supply chain management in which organizations deliver the product to the consumers. Apart from that, managers coordinate with the order receipt for preparing the product. According to Paulraj, Chen and Blome (2015), this is the most important step of supply chain management in which organizations reduce cost and increases profitability. However, the delivery process is sometimes influenced by some external factors, which reduces organizational performance. In order to satisfy the consumers, managers focuses on time reduction of the delivery process. In addition, the managers are also considering the cost deduction while delivering the product to the end users (Simpson et al., 2015). Homebase is focusing on reducing the delivery cost and time for enhancing organizational profitability in an effective manner. In this section of supply chain management, delivery of the product is taken into consideration. The product can be delivered directly to th e consumers or it can be the suppliers and wholesaler. In either case, it helps the company in increasing product availability among the targeted market. In current days, consumers buying preference is changing rapidly. As stated by Golicic and Smith (2013), the consumers are willing to buy a product after comparing with different brand. Therefore, Homebase has developed the online retail store, which is allowing the company in delivering the product directly to the consumers. Apart from Homebase, many other organizations such as Amazon and Alibaba are using this process of supply chain for satisfying their consumers (Govindan et al., 2014). Previously, Homebase was implementing the traditional process of product delivery; however, in current days, the company has adopted this innovation for gaining competitive edge. Monitoring: According to Seuring and Gold (2012), this is the final step of supply chain management, which allows the managers to review the entire process of supply chain management for investigating the organizational performance. If one of the steps of supply chain fails, then the entire mechanism of the organization will be hampered and the organization may face critical situation. Therefore, it is important for the managers to conduct continuous monitoring process for getting successful outcome (Tatoglu et al., 2015). A successful process monitoring enables the company in gathering consumers feedbacks for identifying that whether the consumers are satisfied with the service or not. Depending on consumers feedbacks, companies are improving their internal process. However, Priem and Swink (2012) mentioned that there are many risk factors are associated with this process of change. In order to avoid the negative impact of change, an organization investigates the risk factors and ta kes necessary action for reducing negative impact of the risk factors. The retail industry is focusing on enhancing the service quality; while on the other hand, the manufacturing industry is considering the internal process for ensuring the product quality (Beske, Land and Seuring, 2014). For example, Homebase is monitoring the manufacturing process and the delivery process along with the entire supply chain process for satisfying the consumers needs and requirements. Elements for delivery cost reduction Communication with shipping representatives According to Beske and Seuring (2014), every organization is delivering their products to the consumers with the help of the shipping representative. The role of the shipping representatives is to negotiate the shipping cost with the shipping company. Therefore, it is highly important for the retail organizations to communicate with the representatives for reducing the cost of delivery. Moreover, this process helps a retail organization in making the delivery process more comfortable, which is important for satisfying the consumers as well. However, Awudu and Zhang (2012) have argued that in this process, a retail organization needs to build a long-term relationship with the representatives for maintaining a low delivery cost. Along with that, the company needs to ship bulk amount of products for considering the benefits of the representatives. Flat rate of shipping There are different shipping companies offering flat rate for delivering products. However, the cost of delivery is depending on the geographical location (Zhu, Sarkis Lai, 2012). A retail organization needs to consider the shipment location before choosing the shipping company. In addition, shipping companies are offering a free packaging for the products, which is highly beneficial for the retail companies and therefore, selecting the shipping company is the most sensitive task for a retail organization. As per the viewpoint of Guang et al. (2012), the cost of delivery is depending on the product weight and the delivery zone as well. Therefore, process of flat delivery cost is confusing and the retail organizations need to identify the actual rate chart of the shipment company by communicating with the representative. Communicate with the consumers According to Tatoglu et al. (2015), in order to reduce the delivery cost, it is highly important to communicate the consumers to know their requirements. For example, a consumer may need the product within a day. In that case, the company should avail air journey for delivering the product. However, Golicic and Smith (2013) stated that if the consumers dont require the product within a day, then the company can reduce the shipment cost by availing a rode transit. The internal process of a retail organization is playing a major role in this aspect (Walker Jones, 2012). Apart from that, use of innovative technology can help the company in knowing the customers needs and requirements in an effective manner. Therefore, it can be said that using the appropriate delivery process for the appropriate consumer can reduce the delivery cost of the product. Determine the delivery cost Determining the delivery cost for a particular product is a complex process. It is highly important for the company to set different delivery cost for deferent location (Mathiyazhagan et al. 2013). Apart from that, the product weight is also a considerable factor, which influences the delivery cost. In case of Homebase, the company is dealing with home improvement products and therefore, the products are difficult to handle on the time of transit. According to Green et al. (2012), it is highly important for the company to provide a quality packaging for reducing chances of product damage. A consumer will never pay for a damage product. Therefore, the company needs to invest certain amount in product packaging for reducing the entire delivery cost. However, Pagell and Shevchenko (2014) has argued that the delivery cost needs to be taken from the consumers for reducing overall organizational for a product. Packaging The packaging material can reduce the overall weight of the package. Therefore, it is highly important for the company to determine the required material for packaging the product (Seuring, 2013). Apart from that, the quality of the packaging material should be as per the requirement. A product, which needs a high quality packaging for ensuring low damage on transit, requires a high quality packaging. On the other hand, Brandenburg et al. (2014) opposed that for the products, which are not difficult to handle can be delivered with a low quality packaging. Therefore, a retail company can reduce the overall delivery cost by reducing the packaging cost. Theory of Supply Chain management Lean supply chain approach The term lean refers to the process of reducing the wastage activities for enhancing organizational profitability. According to Tayur, Ganeshan and Magazine (2012), the approach of lean management can be implemented on the manufacturing process. It helps an organization in reducing organizational cost in an effective manner. Apart from that, the approach of lean can also be implemented on the logistic and supply chain of an organization. This approach is focusing on the consumers needs and requirements and depending on the consumers needs and requirements, organizations develop the internal organization process such as supply chain and logistic mechanism by deducting the wastage processes (Zhu, Sarkis Lai, 2012). In addition, adding value to the existing service as per the consumers requirement helps an organization in satisfying the consumers in an effective manner. As per the viewpoint of Lin (2013), in order to increase value of the ultimate service, it is highly important for the company to understand that what are the organizational activities are creating value for the consumers. Reducing the extra organizational activities can reduce the overall organizational cost for the company. When it comes to the supply chain process, there are different activities, which are not creating value for the organization and the consumers as well. Winter and Knemeyer (2013) has stated that this theory of supply chain suggests that reducing the extra organizational activities of supply chain management can reduce the delivery coat of products. In case of logistic activities, an organization monitors the market demand and as per the market demand the organization produces the products. In this process th e organization can reduce cost requirements by identifying the activities, which are not effective for conducting the entire process. However, Ahi and Searcy (2013) have argued that the process of reducing waste activities is very complex and most of the companies are struggling while conducting lean management of supply chain and logistic process. In order to gain competitive advantage, retain industry is focusing on reducing their manufacturing and delivering cost as well (Tayur, Ganeshan Magazine, 2012). As the retail market is very competitive and every organization is relying upon low pricing strategy, it is not possible for the companies to reduce their product cost for increasing profitability. Therefore, in current days, the intention of business organizations has diverted to the cost of supply chain and the product delivery cost. According to Sarkis (2012), there are different companies are offering home improvement products like Homebase and therefore, the company has implemented a strategy for satisfying the consumers by providing product delivery. However, Paulraj, Chen and Blome (2015) have mentioned that in previous day, the company was using a traditional process for delivering the products. Therefore, there are certain cost involvement has introduced, which the company is reducing by implementing lean theory of supply chain. Questionnaire Evaluating the supply chain management of Homebase in Richmond and Proposing strategies to reduce delivery costs. Section I Description of the existing supply chain for the Dulux supplier: What is your current supply chain model? We receive deliveries direct from suppliers for some product ranges and also through depots. Seasonal stock is delivered initially at the start of the season by a single container direct from the port. Horticulture product is delivered through a specialized depot. What stages include the logistic process? (Please put stages in numerical order). Supplier:1 Central warehouse: Distribution center:2 Local warehouse: Store: Other (please explain) Which operations include every stage? (please tick) Stage Packaging Loading Transportation Unloading Supplier X X X X Central warehouse X X X Distribution center X X X Local warehouse X Store X Other Data analysis In order to gather primary data from Homebase, the researcher has created 27 questions. In this section, managers of the company have provided their viewpoint regarding the supply chain process, which has been adopted by the company. After gathering the primary information, it can be said that Homebase has adopted a lean supply chain model in which the company receive deliveries directly from the suppliers. In order to deliver seasonal stocks, Homebase use single container. The primary data gathered suggests that the logistic process of Homebase includes two major stages such as suppliers and distributor channel. In addition, the operations include in each stages are packaging, loading, transportation and unloading. In this particular process, the current delivery time of Homebase of 6 to 10 days from the date of shipment. Apart from that, manager of Homebase has stated that just 60% to 70% products are delivered on the expected time. In order to adjust ordering volume, Homebase use an automated ordering system. In this particular system, the organization can modify the product quantity during the process. When it comes to the transportation, Homebase has adopted three kinds of transportation system such as central to local warehouse, local warehouse to store and store to customers. The primary data collection process reviled that flexibility in transportation process is one of the major reason of transportation outsourcing. Conclusion After preparing the report, it can be concluded that transport delay is one of the major issue faced by Homebase. Apart from that, from the primary data collection process, it can be said that Homebase has a poor distribution network. As per the literature review, it is highly important to improve the supply chain process in order to reduce delivery cost. Therefore, this report consists of different models, theories and processes of supply chain management. Implementing these processes would reduce the delivery cost for Homebase effectively. References Ahi, P., Searcy, C. (2013). A comparative literature analysis of definitions for green and sustainable supply chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production,52, 329-341 Ashby, A., Leat, M., Hudson-Smith, M. (2012). Making connections: a review of supply chain management and sustainability literature.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), 497-516 Awudu, I., Zhang, J. (2012). Uncertainties and sustainability concepts in biofuel supply chain management: A review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,16(2), 1359-1368 Barney, J. B. (2012). Purchasing, supply chain management and sustained competitive advantage: The relevance of resource based theory.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 3-6 Beske, P., Seuring, S. (2014). Putting sustainability into supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: an international journal,19(3), 322-331 Beske, P., Land, A., Seuring, S. (2014). Sustainable supply chain management practices and dynamic capabilities in the food industry: A critical analysis of the literature.International Journal of Production Economics,152, 131-143 Brandenburg, M., Govindan, K., Sarkis, J., Seuring, S. (2014). Quantitative models for sustainable supply chain management: Developments and directions.European Journal of Operational Research,233(2), 299-312 Fawcett, S. E., Ellram, L. M., Ogden, J. A. (2014).Supply chain management: from vision to implementation. London: Pearson Golicic, S. L., Smith, C. D. (2013). A meta analysis of environmentally sustainable supply chain management practices and firm performance.Journal of Supply Chain Management,49(2), 78-95 Govindan, K., Kaliyan, M., Kannan, D., Haq, A. N. (2014). Barriers analysis for green supply chain management implementation in Indian industries using analytic hierarchy process.International Journal of Production Economics,147, 555-568 Green Jr, K. W., Zelbst, P. J., Meacham, J., Bhadauria, V. S. (2012). Green supply chain management practices: impact on performance.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(3), 290-305 Guang S., V., Lenny Koh, S. C., Baldwin, J., Cucchiella, F. (2012). Natural resource based green supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(1), 54-67 Hsu, C. W., Kuo, T. C., Chen, S. H., Hu, A. H. (2013). Using DEMATEL to develop a carbon management model of supplier selection in green supply chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production,56, 164-172 Lin, R. J. (2013). Using fuzzy DEMATEL to evaluate the green supply chain management practices.Journal of Cleaner Production,40, 32-39 Mathiyazhagan, K., Govindan, K., NoorulHaq, A., Geng, Y. (2013). An ISM approach for the barrier analysis in implementing green supply chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production,47, 283-297 Pagell, M., Shevchenko, A. (2014). Why research in sustainable supply chain management should have no future.Journal of Supply Chain Management,50(1), 44-55 Paulraj, A., Chen, I. J., Blome, C. (2015). Motives and performance outcomes of sustainable supply chain management practices: A multi-theoretical perspective.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-20 Priem, R. L., Swink, M. (2012). A demand side perspective on supply chain management.Journal of Supply Chain Management,48(2), 7-13 Sarkis, J. (2012). A boundaries and flows perspective of green supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(2), 202-216 Seuring, S. (2013). A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), 1513-1520 Seuring, S., Gold, S. (2012). Conducting content-analysis based literature reviews in supply chain management.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(5), 544-555 Simpson, D., Meredith, J., Boyer, K., Dilts, D., Ellram, L. M., Leong, G. K. (2015). Professional, research, and publishing trends in operations and supply chain management.Journal of Supply Chain Management,51(3), 87-100 Tatoglu, E., Bayraktar, E., Golgeci, I., Koh, S. L., Demirbag, M., Zaim, S. (2015). How do supply chain management and information systems practices influence operational performance? Evidence from emerging country SMEs.International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 1-19 Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R., Magazine, M. (2012).Quantitative models for supply chain management(Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media Tseng, M. L., Chiu, A. S. (2013). Evaluating firm's green supply chain management in linguistic preferences.Journal of cleaner production,40, 22-31 Walker, H., Jones, N. (2012). Sustainable supply chain management across the UK private sector.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(1), 15-28 Winter, M., Knemeyer, A. M. (2013). Exploring the integration of sustainability and supply chain management: Current state and opportunities for future inquiry.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,43(1), 18-38 Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., Lai, K. H. (2012). Examining the effects of green supply chain management practices and their mediations on performance improvements.International journal of production research,50(5), 1377-1394 Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., Lai, K. H. (2012). Green supply chain management innovation diffusion and its relationship to organizational improvement: An ecological modernization perspective.Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,29(1), 168-185 Zhu, Q., Sarkis, J., Lai, K. H. (2013). Institutional-based antecedents and performance outcomes of internal and external green supply chain management practices.Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management,19(2), 106-117

Kite Runner free essay sample

Amir, the protagonist of the novel, The Kite Runner, lived a privileged life as the son of a well-respected man in Afghanistan. Amir’s best friend is his servant, Hassan, who lives in a small hut with his father, Ali, on Amir’s property. Amir is constantly struggling to win the love of his father, Baba, whom he thinks is ashamed of his lack of courage and athletic ability. Amir also takes advantage of Hassan because of Hassan’s illiteracy. The local bully, Assef, taunts also Hassan because he is a Hazara, however, Amir does nothing to stop this. Hassan was always willing to do anything for his friend Amir, but that all changed in the winter of 1975. Twenty years later, Amir gets a chance to redeem himself for what he did that winter. Throughout the book, The Kite Runner, Amir grows as a person, but he doesn’t fully mature until he finds redemption for past sins. We will write a custom essay sample on Kite Runner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout his childhood, Amir constantly tried to gain the love of Baba, as well as the attention of others. Amir also felt that he was better than Hassan because he was wealthy and Hassan was not. One day, during their childhood, Amir and Hassan were home with Ali, when the sounds of gunfire outside scared Hassan. Amir recounts the event, â€Å"Hassan was crying. Ali pulled him close, clutched him with tenderness. Later, I would tell myself I hadn’t felt envious of Hassan. Not at all. † (35) Even though Ali is Hassan’s father, Amir still felt jealous of Hassan because he was receiving all the attention. Amir becomes even more envious when Baba gives Hassan attention. When Amir asks Baba if they could go to Jalalabad for the day, just by themselves, Amir becomes very angry when Baba suggests bringing Hassan with them. â€Å"Why did Baba have to spoil it like that? † (82) Amir thought to himself. He wanted Baba all to himself and never wanted to share him. As a child, Amir had a need for attention and became angry when others were given attention that he thought belonged to him. Amir felt that he was Kite Runner free essay sample The novel, The Kite Runner, is about a young boy named Emir who forever lives a life full of shame, quilt and regret. These feelings are brought out by things that Emir has done in his past such as refusing to stick up for Hosannas and lying to his father. By the end of the novel, Emir fully atones for his sins by returning to Kabul, adopting Sahara and being beaten by Safes. During the annual kite tournament, Emir witnessed his brother, Hosannas being brutally beaten and raped by Safes: he did not say a word.Instead of standing up for his brother, Emir kept quiet while he stood and watched in horror. I opened my mouth, almost said something. Almost. The rest of my life might have turned out differently if I had. But I didnt. I Just watched. Paralyzed. Emir then claimed the winning kite as his own in order to win his fathers affection. We will write a custom essay sample on Kite Runner or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He knows that he has betrayed the one person whom he is closest to. This marks the beginning of Emirs sins. Emirs poor decisions lead to a life full of shame, guilt and regret. l stopped watching. Turned away from the alley. I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hosannas the way hed stood up for me and expect whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. .Len the end, I ran. Emir proved that he Is disloyal to Hosannas. He had to opportunity to help Hosannas, however his selfishness got the best of him. After years of not speaking, while Emir Is living In America, it Is revealed that Hosannas has been killed, and his son, Sahara, has been left abandoned in Afghanistan without a family or a home.Because Sahara Is Emirs nephew, Emir knows that this Is an opportunity to atone for his sins by showing his true loyalty to Hosannas. For you, a thousand times over Sahara says to Emir at the end of the book. The book ended with Emir finally seeking redemption when taking Sahara to America with him for a better life. This quote shows the Importance that no matter what sin youve committed there will always be an opportunity to make amends, but you have to seek redemption yourself. Emir completed his quest In seeking redemption for his sins and can finally move on with his life.

A River Runs Through It Essay

A River Runs Through It Essay The River plays a significant role in this novel. It offers a setting in which the main characters escape from the shackles of civilization as well as a means to journey to a better place. The river also acts as an artery through which Huck passes in his transition from innocence to awareness. In this essay on A River Runs Through It I will explore the role the relationship between the symbolic importance of the river and the design and structure of the novel. A river is at its weakest just as it begins to form. As the stream of water begins to flow toward the ocean it must develop and change, as it will branch off in many directions. After branching off, the flow of the river strengthens as it begins travel to its final destination, the ocean. Huck and Jim journey down the Mighty Mississippi has a very weak and fragile beginning. Neither character has any direction, they both know that they would like to have their freedom, but in different capacities. Just as the river strengthens as its flow picks up, so does the bond between Huck and Jim as their adventure down the Mississippi begins to reach their final destination of their adventure, freedom. The river in a physical sense was Huck and Jim’s main source of how they traveled throughout the novel. The river also acts as a main artery through which Huck passes in his transition from innocence to awareness. Along the way, Huck encounters many situations that strengthen his character about the way things are and the way things should be. When Huck played that awful trick on Jim, Jim told Huck how awful that made him feel that he would do such a terrible thing especially when he cared so much for Huck. It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger- but I done it, and I warn’t sorry for it afterwards, neither. I didn’t do no more mean tricks, and I wouldn’t done that one if I’d a knowed it would make him feel that. (Twain 272) Huck recognized Jim for a human being with feelings and not just a slave. At that point in Huck’s life, the rules of society took the back burner to how he was feeling abou t Jim the slave and his friend. In the novel, the river symbolizes freedom for both Huck and Jim. Freedom to move around without having to adhere to rules and restrictions of the southern culture. Huck took the river to Jackson Island. Huck acknowledged his passion for freedom his third day on the island. The next day I went exploring around and down through the island. I was the boss of it; and it all belonged to me, so to say, and I wanted to know all about it; but mainly I wanted to put in the time. (Twain 243) Huck expresses here that putting in the time to explore something that you want is well worth it. The relationship between Huck and Jim becomes the mainstay of the novel. This relationship enhances and complicates the journey down the Mississippi. Jim’s role evolves from friend to parent. Although, the friendship is still very apparent throughout the novel. In chapter nine, when Jim and Huck came upon the houseboat, Jim took the initiative to protect Huck from what Huck thought was a dead stranger, when it was indeed Huck’s father, Pap. At the end of the novel, Jim reveals to Huck that it was Pap on that houseboat. (Twain 406-407) Jim wanted Huck to be assured that his money was safe from Pap. At the point that Huck and Jim meet up on Jackson Island, this is true symbolism. The meeting of the two is like a tributary (a smaller river joining a larger one). They joined forces to take on whatever they would encounter on the way down the Mississippi. Jim and Huck became a team. They both collectively came up with the plan for Huck to dress up like a girl and venture into town. Huck practiced over and over the mannerisms of a girl, and Jim told him what he was and wasn’t doing right (Twain 252) It is clearly evident throughout the novel that when the two of them operated together they seem to master the inevitable. It was when they got separated, that their weaknesses stood out. Jim even becomes vulnerable. In chapter XV, Jim risked giving up his own freedom by looking for Huck. He called Huck’s name knowing that his distinctive voice could be heard and recognized (Twain 272) In conclusion, I hope that I conveyed the symbolic importance of the river and the design and structure of the novel. It was very clear to what role that river played in this novel. However, it was slightly difficult to explore the relationship between the two. I attempted to do so by bringing in the relationship of Huck and Jim to the forefront, as they ventured down the Mississippi. This adventure was a coming of age experience for Huck. I attempted to use the Physical properties of a river to show that rivers start out weak and along the way it picks up strength in its flow, as does Huck’s maturity in the novel.

Organic Chemistry Survival Tips

Organic Chemistry Survival Tips Organic chemistry is often considered the hardest chemistry class. Its not that its impossibly complicated, but there is a lot to absorb, in both the lab and classroom, plus you can expect to do some memorization to succeed at exam time. If youre taking o-chem, dont stress! Here are survival tips to help you learn the material and succeed in the class. 1) Choose How To Take Organic Chemistry Are you more of a mental sprinter or is distance running your style? Most school offer organic chemistry one of two ways. You can take the year-long course, broken into Organic I and Organic II. This is a good choice if you need time to digest and learn material or master lab protocols. Its a good choice if you tend to ask a lot of questions, because your instructor will be able to take the time to answer them. Your other option is to take organic over the summer. You get the whole shebang in 6-7 weeks, sometimes with a break in the middle and sometimes straight through, start to finish. If youre more of a cramming, run-to-the-finish type of student, this may be the way to go. You know your study style and level of self-discipline better than anyone else. Choose the learning method that works for you. 2) Make Organic Chemistry a Priority Your social life may take a hit while youre taking organic. It wont be your first chemistry class, so you already expect that. Try to avoid taking other challenging courses at the same time. There are only so many hours in the day to work problems, write lab reports, and study. If you load your schedule with sciences, youre going to get pressed for time. Plan to give time to organic. Set aside time to read the material, do the homework, and study. Youll also need some downtime to relax. Getting away from it for a while really helps the material click. Do not expect to just go to class and lab and call it a day. One of the biggest survival tips is to plan your time. (3) Review Before and After Class I know... I know... its a pain to review general chemistry before taking organic and to review notes before the next class. Reading the textbook? Agony. Yet, these steps truly help because they reinforce material. Also, when you review the subject, you may identify questions to ask at the beginning of class. Its important to understand each part of organic because topics build on those you have already mastered. Reviewing builds familiarity with the subject, which builds confidence. If you believe you can succeed at organic chemistry, you will. If youre scared of it, youll probably avoid it, which wont help you learn. After class not necessarily right away, but before the next class study! Review your notes, read, and work problems. (4) Understand, Dont Just Memorize There is some memorization in organic chemistry, but a large part of the class is understanding how reactions work, not just what structures look like. If you understand the why of a process, youll know how to approach new questions and problems. If you simply memorize information, youll suffer when its time for tests and you wont be able to apply the knowledge to other chemistry classes very well. (5) Work Lots of Problems Really, this is part of understanding. You need to work problems to understand how to solve unknown problems. Even if homework isnt picked up or graded, do it. If you dont have a firm grasp of how to solve problems, ask for help and then work more problems. (6) Dont Be Shy in Lab Learning techniques is an important part of organic chemistry. If you are unsure what to do, speak up. Ask lab partners, watch what other groups are doing, or find your instructor. Its okay to make mistakes, so dont beat yourself up if an experiment doesnt go as planned. Youre learning. Just try to learn from your mistakes and youll be fine. (7) Work With Others Any modern science career involves working as part of a team. Start honing your teamwork skills to survive organic chemistry. Study groups are helpful because different people may understand (and be able to explain) different concepts. Working together on assignments will probably get them completed more quickly. You may have gotten through general chemistry on your own, but theres no reason to go it alone in organic. Wondering why you should care about organic chemistry? Consider these examples of organic in everyday life. Learn Organic Chemistry Online

Discuss some of the effects of mass transit and tourism on perceptions Essay

Discuss some of the effects of mass transit and tourism on perceptions of time, space and place in the late 20th century - Essay Example Mass tourism depended upon easier and faster modes of travel as well as the emerging concept of ‘leisure’ time, the creation of disposable income through the urban factories and the media possibilities of advertising and widespread distribution of literature. During the Victorian era, a period filled with the concept of colonization, society was encountering many new cultures and ways of life as a result of increasingly available forms of reliable transportation. Rather than appreciating them for what they offered – differing perspectives, alternate means of solving common societal issues or a way of life that eliminated some of the more common social ills experienced in the newly industrialized societies – colonizing nations sought to overcome these ‘others’ and force them into a worldview in keeping with their own. When this wasn’t possible, as in dealing with faraway nations in the Orient, inventions were made of the bits and pieces of information that came back that defined entire sections of the world according to what was imagined about them rather than on true accounts of them. In doing so, comparisons were made between the ‘other’ and the self, meaning the dominant culture of the col onizing nation which is, in this case, predominantly England, that placed the self at an aggrandized level and the ‘other’ at a level quite inferior. In other words, in encountering the ‘other’, the colonizing nation reacted in a way that demonized them, reduced them to second-class humans and thereby contained them within a less-threatening context while boosting the self to new levels of superiority. It is perhaps most educative to look first to the work of philosopher Edward Said for an explanation of the ‘other’ as he places it within the context of Orientalism, a term he used to define the way in which the English-speaking world sought to contain images of

Research crique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research crique - Essay Example The authors used a specific model so that they could gain a concrete idea of what teams looked like and how they were executed in the hospitals. Problem Statement Clinical and Research Problem Nursing teamwork has become increasingly important in hospitals because they are on the first line of assistance to patients. The need for nurses working together was seen in many areas of the hospital. For example, the authors state that most studies were done with surgical and emergency room nurses, but research on teams has not been seen with acute care facilities. The authors felt that there needed to be a specific understanding of teamwork so that nurses would be encouraged to work together because teamwork is critical to patient safety. The authors point out that hospitals still are unsure of what teamwork in nursing should look like and how it should be executed. The authors state that, â€Å"Lack of clarity about the teamwork processes underlying nursing teamwork hinders the developmen t of targeted, effective quality enhancement and patient safety initiatives† (p. 298). If teamwork is understood and there is a model that can be used to help hospitals be more effective, patient care will be enhanced, according to this study. The gap in the knowledge is that the research before this study has concentrated on surgical and emergency teams for teamwork; this study fills the gap for study of acute care. Significance of the Study The significance of this study lies in patient care initiatives. Kalisch et al. (2009) state that nurses who work totally on their own are prone to make errors with patients. As an example, nurses who work 12.5-hour shifts are prone to make at least 5% of their regular shifts and nurses working 8-12 hours often make 2% errors on their shifts. They also state that 70% of sentinel events happen because of miscommunication between staff members. The authors substantiate the significance of the study by providing these statistics and the read er finds that this is a very important aspect of any hospital. It seems that teamwork strengthens patient care. Purpose and Research Questions The purpose of this study was to measure teamwork effectiveness through the use of focus groups and the Salas conceptual framework of teamwork. The used this framework because it offered a behavioral component that they felt hospital personal could understand. The researchers do not state a specific aim but this was the major thrust of their work. There were no specific questions asked, but it seemed that, What constitutes a team? Was the question they were attempting to answer. They actually asked this question and then provided different studies that described how other researchers defined teamwork. The research question was definitely related the problem because the authors are defining teams. I think that the qualitative method was appropriate to this study because teams begin with people understanding what a team is and whether it is eff ective or not. It would seem that this question would need to be answered by talking to people about their experiences. Literature Review The authors used qualitative and quantitative studies, books, and government reports (Joint Commission). The references that were used spanned between the years 1994 and 2009. Most of them were between 1994 and 2002. I would not think that this was accurate information since most of the references were older than five years. The

Introductory paragraph Essay Example for Free

Introductory paragraph Essay There are several weak points in the introductory paragraph. First, the opening sentence refering to humankind’s god-given ability to make choices is too general as a discussion point for decision-making in college. Second, the writer fails to establish coherence in his introduction. For instance, the ideas jump drastically from the â€Å"God-given ability to make choices† to the fact that â€Å"one is faced with a multiplicity of choices† without establishing why the writer thinks that decision-making is â€Å"one of the most splendid – and incommodious – things about the condition of being human. † Thus, the first line could even be ommitted from the introduction as it does not help construct the writer’s thesis in any way. Likewise, the paragraph suffers from too much excitement due to the writer’s fondness for exclamation points. It would also be better if the writer used much simpler words and refrained from using words such as â€Å"ad infinitum† which might not be understood by his or her readers. Lastly, the introduction sounds like a marketing spiel for University with the writer drawing hasty conclusions such as â€Å"I chose university and I could not be happier. † It also has the effect of concluding the essay at the introductory part, making the reader feel disinterested in the â€Å"rewards† that the writer wants to illustrate. On the other hand, this introduction also has its strengths. Aside from the opening line, the rest of the ideas are clearly developed; the writer is able to establish the â€Å"multiplicity of choices† from a simple choice of gum flavor to one’s lifestyle. The writer’s informal style could also be engaging for the characteristics of its audience—young, newly-graduated or about to graduate from high school—as they could identify with the language. Exercise 3 Introductory Paragraph for Assignment 2 Life after high school can be a rude awakening for those of us who have never made a decision beyond what clothes to wear for school or what food to eat at lunchbreak. For the first time, we have to make decisions that would affect our lives seriously, such as which degree to pursue and which university could give us at least a chance at success after we graduate from it. For the first time we have to be careful about the choices we make and to make serious plans about the goals that we have. It is a time to take stock of our capacities and our limitations, to consider parental and societal expectations of ourselves, and to be able to compare these with the right university we wish to attend. It is inevitable—at least for those of us who want to have that degree and to claim our spot in the world after that—although it can be frightening for us to leave the world we have known in high school behind in order to grow as adults and productive individuals. Thus, it is not surprising that choosing choosing which university to attend is one of the most difficult decisions an individual has to make in his or her lifetime.

The Federal Period :: essays research papers fc

The Federal Period   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The time after the Revolutionary War when America was beginning a new consciousness, marked by its recently acquired independence, was called the Federal Period. American furniture makers still modeled designs from England but soon created styles with balanced proportions and symmetrical lines associated with classical design. Styles were generally named for the monarchs who reigned or for the design influences that prevailed at the time the style was introduced. There was usually a time lag before the style became popular in America because much of America’s colonial population lived in rural areas where tradition was important and fashions changed slowly. A new style might be introduced in Boston at the same time an old style was still popular in the country.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The architectural designs emphasized high ceilings and large open areas which allowed for more decorative elements. A federal period parlor would typically have been decorated with the classically inspired wallpaper and moldings, swag curtains, and a carpet that resembled a Roman tiled floor. The use of decorative cotton dimity or chintz slipcovers were to protect the wool upholstery from insects and sun during the summer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Furniture from this period is characterized by a delicate, geometric look and the use of classical motifs as urns and swags. Inlay, veneer, carving, and paint are used for decoration. Chairs have turned, reeded or tapered legs and square or shield shaped backs. The names of two English designers, Thomas Sheraton and George Hepplewhite are closely associated with these styles. One of the most popular designs was the Windsor chair which was used in every room of the house by the Federal Period. Many of the popular styles are shown on the page attached to this report.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A lot of the furniture was made out of native black walnut, yellow pine, white oak, maple rose and satinwood. To lower the cost of the furniture the designers painted surfaces to simulate a rich wood or marble or gilded to imitate bronze mounts. The most popular kind of wood was the mahogany which made richer and more figured cuts. Mahogany wood made desks, sewing tables, Pembroke tables, sideboards, shield, oval and square-back chairs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Federal Period signaled the change from the master craftsmen, to the mass production of furniture.

Explain How to Plan Essay

Define the key concepts and principles of assessment Assessment is the way of finding and documenting that learning has taken place. It also enables you as the assessor to identify if the learner has achieved the required competencies, skill and knowledge needed at the given point of assessment towards their qualification. Assessment need to be a regular process built into the training program. The starting point of assessment is the pre-course information. It must be explained when assessment is taking place and what form the assessment will be in. Criteria for success must also be given. Explain the responsibilities of the assessor Attending meeting, exhibitions, award ceremonies, presentation events; Carrying out assessments in accordance with organisations requirements; Checking the authenticity of any whiteness testimonies; Completing and maintaining safe and secure records; Countersigning other assessor’s judgements; Dealing with any appeals made against your assessment decisions; Following organisational and regulatory body procedures; Identifying and dealing with and barriers to fair assessment; Implementing internal and external verifier’s action points; Liaising with others involved in the assessment process; Making judgements based on the assessment criteria; Maintaining occupational competencies; Negotiation and agreeing assessment types and methods; Making best use of different assessment types and methods; Providing statistics to managers; Reviewing learner’s progress; Standardising practices with other assessors; Supporting learners with special requirements; Working towards relevant qualification; Identify the regulations and requirements relevant to the assessment in your own area of practice The Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulation 1981 Provide adequate first aid equipment, facilities and people. Health and Safety at Work (MHSW) Regulations 1999 Assess the risks on anyone who may be affected by their activities. The Safeguarding Vulnerable Groups Act 2006 Duty to register and undergo vetting process if working with vulnerable groups Equality Act 2010 Non-discrimination of age, disability, gender, race, religion/belief and sexual orientation. Q2 – Understand different types of assessment record Compare the strengths and limitations of a range of assessment methods with reference to the needs of individual learners ASSIGNMENT – Several activities or tasks, practical or theoretical, to assess various aspects of a qualification over a period of time. Strengths Challenges a learners potential Consolidate learning Several aspects of a qualification can be assessed Some assignment are set with clear criteria by awarding organisation Limitations Ensuring all aspects of the syllabus are covered Can be time consuming to prepare and assess Must be individually assessed with written feedback Assessor may be biased when marking CASE STUDY / SCENARIOS – Hypothetical situation, a description of an actual event or incomplete event, enabling learners to explore the situation. Strengths Can make topics more realistic enhancing motivation and interest Can be conducted individually or in a group Builds on current knowledge and experience Limitations If assessed in a group roles need to be individually assigned an personal contribution assessed Time should be allowed for a debrief Must have clear outcomes Can be time consuming to prepare and assess CHECKLISTS – A list of criteria that needs to be met to confirm that competence or achievement. Strengths Can form part of an ongoing record of achievement or profile Assessment can take place when the learner is ready Ensures all criteria are met and records are kept Limitations Learners may lose their copy and not remember what they’ve learnt ESSAYS – A formal piece of written text that has been produced by the learner for a specific topic Strengths Useful for academic subjects Can check your learners language and literacy skills at specific levels Limitations Not suitable for low level learners Marking can be time consuming Plagiarism can be an issue Doesn’t normally have right or wrong answer so can be difficult to grade Learners need good writing skills EXAMINATIONS – A formal test that should be conducted in certain conditions. Strengths Can be Open Book, enabling learners to have books and notes with them Some learners like the challenge of a formal examination and cope well Limitations Invigilation required Security arrangements before and after need to be in place for papers Learners may have been taught purely to pass the examination Learners may be anxious HOMEWORK – Activities carries out between sessions like answering questions on that day’s learning to confirm knowledge. Strengths Learners can complete at a time and pace that suits them Maintains an interest between sessions Encourages learners to stretch themselves Consolidates learning so far Limitations Clear time limits must be set Learners might not do it, or get someone else to do it for them Must be read/marked and individual feedback given OBSERVATIONS – Watching learners perform a skill. Strengths Enables skills to be seen in action Learners can make mistakes enabling them to realise what they’ve been doing wrong Can assess several aspects of a qualification at the same time Limitations Timing must be arranged No permanent record Questions still need to be asked to confirm understanding Assessor might not be objective with decision Q3 – Understand how to plan assessment Summarise key factors to consider when planning assessment Subjects can be either non-accredited (no formal certificate) or accredited (certificate issued) in which case delivery and assessments are monitored by awarding organisation to ensure guidelines are followed. Therefore before assessing:- You need to be fully aware of the program and the qualification that you are assessing You must confirm relevant policies, requirements and qualifications of the particular subject You must know when the learners are ready to be assessed Evaluate the benefits of using a holistic approach to assessment Explain how to plan a holistic approach to assessment Explain how to minimise risks through the planning process.

Organizational behavior term paper

Dear Sir I am delighted to submit an original term paper entitled â€Å"Study of Organizational Behavior in Bangladesh Organization† by my own for consideration of participating n a part of your instruction. We previously reveal all the portion of the course – Organizational Behavior through your smooth direction, and this term paper builds from our fascinating sketch to determine the condition of behavior management through the industry in this country. In this work I tried to elaborate a abbreviated picture of behavior management in Bangladesh organization.I believe that this manuscript is appropriate to find the satisfactory requirement of your consideration whatever you demanded. I hereby declare that this term paper is my own work and the paper has not copied from anyone. Effort and all other sources of information contained therein have been acknowledged. Thank you for your consideration. Sincerely, University of Asia Pacific. Acknowledgement First I am very grate ful to my Almighty for whom I can compose this research paper successfully in due time. I am obliged to my honorable instructor, Mr..Cadenzas Chowder under whose guidance and support, this term paper is composed with patience and sincerity. He always motivated us to work on this topic. I would also like to thank Mr.. Human Kabuki, deputy general manager of Crony Group who helps me y giving his valuable time to complete the survey in his own place. The theoretical abstract I have used in this paper is based on the text part of the course – MURMUR and on the lecture of the instructor. I also insert some theoretic division from other eBooks. Table of Content Chapter Title Page No Chapter 1 1. 1 Introduction 8 1. 2 Objective 1. 3 Methodology 9 1. 4 Limitation 1. Scope Chapter 2 Literary Study Chapter 3 Company Profile 32-36 Chapter 4 Findings of Study 37-42 Chapter 5 Conclusion Chapter # 01 Introduction Management is the set of obligations which manage an organization by planning , organizing and leading and directed at an organization's resources with the aim of achieving organizational goal in an efficient and effective manner. In an organization every manager has to manage the organizational resources and the goal would be always as productivity. In early age the managerial role of every organization find the financial, physical and human as a tool of resources to get the goal like productivity.But today the management of organization rethink that the human resources are not only as a tool of business. They have a colorful mind which works differently in the time of work in terms of productivity. It has to be managed to reflect a better output in terms of productivity. So from when the management starts to manage the behavior of human resources then a new theory of management was spring upped through the society of organizational management called behavior management or organizational behavior. Organizational behavior is the systematic study of human beha vior, attitudes and performance within an organizational setting.In every organization there are some people who work in it. Different people has different act of behavior. Sometimes the company is affected by these different behaviors in terms f productivity. Then it would be essential to manage their behavior by the managerial role of the organization. When they do so, then it would be called that the organizational behavior is applied through the organization. In modern time every organization need to manage the behavior of their human resources in order to survive within competition, because it has an ability to arise some extra output by the same resources in terms of productivity.In order to provide an understanding of what goes on at the organization, we need to study about the whole animation of the organization. In this term paper I observe the managerial action of a company and find out some level of observation to identify the nature of management. The whole work whatever I performed in this study was based on the behavioral management that ponders the management of the human resources in terms of behavior to bring out a better productivity in an organization. The main objective of this study is to find out that the behavior management is applied or not in an organization in real life.Dodo so, I had gone too very popular garment factory ;Bantu Color Tex' the mother factory of the ;crony Group† in Marrying. This is a labor intensive industry which deals with huge number of labors in terms of management within their daily operations. In order to survey the study I had meet with their some top and mid level employee as well as managerial role especially ;Mr.. Human Kabuki† the depute general manager who assemble me with their whole management of behavior management for their workers. 1. Methodology All the information of this study was collected on both primary and secondary sources. The secondary sources were used for fixing the theoretica l part of the paper and the primary sources was used to gather the information that related to the analyzing section. All the findings of the research section is animated by my own piece of study that gathered from the direct meetings with the deputy general manager of ;crony Group†. During the time of study there are some limitations which arise and biased my direction of efficiency.First of all the time shortage was a big problem to complete the paper effectively. Secondly the unmanageable path through which I had to go to the managerial role to complete the survey. Thirdly the time of interview, this was too short to know the complete sketch about the company. And after all the immunization via; the communication via with the people during the study was in local language. So it kills my lot of time to translate their word to our program language. And I have also need to explain some basic concept of organizational behavior briefly to the manager.During the time of the surve y of this report I also face a unique problem to meet the requirements. That was the weather. The report covers the whole picture of behavior management of Crony Group. This report especially emphasizes on the different categories of the managerial role to manage the labor to upgrade the productivity. In future if any report or research paper or term paper is processed to make about human behavior management then this piece of work will help and indicate some scope to implementation in effect.Chapter # 02 Meaning of Organizational behavior Organizational behavior is the systematic study of human behavior, attitudes and performance within an organizational setting; drawing on theory methods and principles from such disciplines as psychology, sociology and cultural anthropology to learn about individual perceptions, values, learning capacities and actions while working in groups and careful application of knowledge about how people- as individuals and as groups- act within the total o rganization; analyzing the external environment's effect on the organization and its human resources, missions, objectives and strategies.Fundamental concepts connected with Organizational behavior Fundamental concepts are basic principles that form a strong foundation for BOB. B has a set of fundamental concepts revolving around the nature of people and organizations. The Nature of People The six basic concepts relevant to the nature of people are: Law of individual differences-Each person is substantially different from all others in arms of their personalities, needs, demographic factors and past experiences and/or because they are placed in different physical settings, time periods or social surroundings.This diversity needs to be recognized and viewed as a valuable asset to organizations. Perception- Perception is the unique way in which each person sees, organizes and interprets things based on their background of individual differences. Each person reacts not to an objective world, but to a world Judged in terms of his/her own beliefs, values and expectations. Sometimes it may lead to selective perception in which people tend to pay attention to only those things that are consistent with or reinforce their own expectations.Selective perceptions may lead to misinterpretation of single events at work or create a barrier in the search for new experience. Managers need to recognize the perceptual differences among the employees and manage them accordingly. A whole person- People function as total human beings. People are physical, mental, social and spiritual beings and the organization actually employs the whole person rather than certain characteristics.There are spillover effects between the work life ND life outside work and management's focus should be in developing not only a better employee but also a better person in terms of growth and fulfillment. If the whole person can be developed, then benefits will extend beyond the firm into the larger socie ty in which each employee lives. Motivated behavior- Individual's behavior is guided by their needs and the consequences that results from their acts. In case of needs, people are motivated not by what others think they ought to have but by what they they want.Motivation of employees is essential to the operation of organizations and the biggest challenge aced by managers. Desire for Involvement-Many employees actively seeks opportunities at work to become involved in relevant decisions, thereby contributing their talents and ideas to the organization's success. Consequently, organizations need to provide opportunities to the employees for meaningful involvement. Value of the Person- People wants to be treated with care, dignity and respect and increasingly they are demanding such treatment from their employers.They want to be valued for their skills and abilities and to be provided with opportunities to develop themselves. For performing these roles, skills required by the managers are: 0 Technical Skills- The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise 0 Human Skills-The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups Conceptual Skills-The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations Framing the study of Organizational behavior The study of B involves A. He Organization's Environment B. The Individual in the Organization C. Interpersonal Influence and Group Behavior D. Organizational Processes, Structure and Design Models of Organizational Behavior Models of Organizational Behavior constitute the belief system that dominates management's thought and affects management's actions in each organization. It is very important for the managers to recognize the nature, significance and effectiveness of their own models as well as the models of others around them.Assumptions about Employees- Theory X and Theory Y by Mac Gregory (1957) THEORY X The typical person dislikes work and avoids it if possible The typical person lacks responsibility, has little ambition and seeks security above all Most people must be coerced, controlled, and threatened with punishment to get hem to work With these assumptions the managerial role is to coerce and control employees THEORY Y Work is as natural as play or rest . People is not inherently lazy.They have become that way as a result of experience People will exercise self direction and self control in the service of the objectives to which they are committed People have potential. Under proper condition they learn to accept and seek responsibility. They have imagination, ingenuity and creativity that can be applied to work With these assumptions the managerial role is to develop the potential in employees and help hem release that potential toward common objectives.Five Models of Organizational Behavior- The five models of Organizational Behavior – Autocratic, Custodial, Supportive, Collegial and System, in the order mentioned, represent the historical evolution in management practice. Organizations differ amongst themselves in the model practiced by it. The practices may vary within the departments or branches of one organization. Also, the practices of individual managers may differ from their organization's prevailing model because of the manager's personal preference or different conditions in their department.The models of organizational behavior Autocratic Custodial Supportive Collegial System Basis of Model Power Economic resources Leadership Partnership Trust, Community, Meaning Managerial Orientation Authority Money Support Teamwork Caring, compassion Employee Orientation Obedience Security and benefits Job performance Responsible behavior Psychological ownership Employee psychological result Dependence on boss Dependence on organization Participation Self discipline Self motivation Employee needs met Subsistence Security Status and recognition Self actualization Wide range Performance result MinimumPassive cooperation Awakened drives Moderate enthusiasm Passion and commitment to organizational goals. Motivation MOTIVATION Motivation: the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal, specifically for B, toward attaining an organizational goal. Intensity: how hard a person tries to meet a goal. Direction: efforts are channeled toward organizational goals. Persistence: how long a person maintains effort toward a goal. The Motivational Framework Visualizing how motivational processes occur Need: Anything an individual requires/wantsNeed deficiency: Leads to need to satisfy the need Goal-directed behaviors: Result from trying to satisfy the need deficiency Rewards/ Punishments: Consequences of the goal directed behavior EARLY THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Mascots Hierarchy of Needs Theory Figure: The Hierarchy of Needs Adapted from Abraham H. Moscow, â€Å"A Theory of Human Motivation,† In this, perhaps best known (and least supported) of all motivational theories, Abraham Moscow proposed that there are five levels of human needs. As each of the lower level needs are satisfied, the next unsatisfied need becomes dominant.Satisfied needs no longer motivate, only unsatisfied needs motivate people. Physiological: lower order need, includes hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs. Lower order needs are satisfied externally, through forces outside of the person. Safety: lower order need, includes security and protection from physical and emotional harm. Social: upper order need, includes affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship. Upper order needs are satisfied internally, that is, from within the person. Esteem: upper order need, includes internal (self-respect, autonomy, and achievement) and external

Free Essays on Response To “Good Country People“

As I read Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"Good Country People† the response that I felt was pity. The character that made me feel that was Joy/Hulga. The basic theme of the story is to not make conclusions about a person’s character before you really get to know them. This is exactly what happens with Joy/Hulga in this story. Mrs. Hopewell, Mrs. Freeman and Manley Porter all treat Joy/Hulga in a manner that can evoke feelings of pity. We assume that Joy/Hulga is a very negative person and not very likable, but in the end we realize that she is just like her mother in that she truly believes in â€Å"good country people.† Joy/Hulga’s mother, Mrs. Hopewell is the first person to do something that causes the feeling of pity for Joy/Hulga. She treats Joy/Hulga like a child. In the following statement from the story, â€Å"Mrs. Hopewell thought of her as a child though she was thirty-two years old and highly educated,† we learn early on how Mrs. Hopewell feels about her daughter. Mrs. Hopewell also like telling people that Mrs. Freeman’s daughters, â€Å"Glynese and Carramae were two of the finest girls she knew.† That had to cause Joy/Hulga to have feelings of worthlessness and probably contributed to her acting the way she did. Mrs. Freeman’s fascination with Joy/Hulga’s artificial leg is the next thing that causes a feeling of pity. She enjoyed hearing the details of the hunting accident that caused her to lose the leg. It would seem that her artificial leg is something Joy/Hulga wants to keep private and doesn’t want everyone talking about it over the kitchen table. As we reach the middle of the story Manley Porter enters Joy/Hulga’s life and seems to be the biggest cause for pity. Joy/Hulga believes that Manley is a Christian Bible salesman with a heart condition. Manley and Joy/Hulga arrange to meet the following day. All the while Joy/Hulga is planning to seduce Manley and then she will be able to console him after... Free Essays on Response To â€Å"Good Country Peopleâ€Å" Free Essays on Response To â€Å"Good Country Peopleâ€Å" As I read Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"Good Country People† the response that I felt was pity. The character that made me feel that was Joy/Hulga. The basic theme of the story is to not make conclusions about a person’s character before you really get to know them. This is exactly what happens with Joy/Hulga in this story. Mrs. Hopewell, Mrs. Freeman and Manley Porter all treat Joy/Hulga in a manner that can evoke feelings of pity. We assume that Joy/Hulga is a very negative person and not very likable, but in the end we realize that she is just like her mother in that she truly believes in â€Å"good country people.† Joy/Hulga’s mother, Mrs. Hopewell is the first person to do something that causes the feeling of pity for Joy/Hulga. She treats Joy/Hulga like a child. In the following statement from the story, â€Å"Mrs. Hopewell thought of her as a child though she was thirty-two years old and highly educated,† we learn early on how Mrs. Hopewell feels about her daughter. Mrs. Hopewell also like telling people that Mrs. Freeman’s daughters, â€Å"Glynese and Carramae were two of the finest girls she knew.† That had to cause Joy/Hulga to have feelings of worthlessness and probably contributed to her acting the way she did. Mrs. Freeman’s fascination with Joy/Hulga’s artificial leg is the next thing that causes a feeling of pity. She enjoyed hearing the details of the hunting accident that caused her to lose the leg. It would seem that her artificial leg is something Joy/Hulga wants to keep private and doesn’t want everyone talking about it over the kitchen table. As we reach the middle of the story Manley Porter enters Joy/Hulga’s life and seems to be the biggest cause for pity. Joy/Hulga believes that Manley is a Christian Bible salesman with a heart condition. Manley and Joy/Hulga arrange to meet the following day. All the while Joy/Hulga is planning to seduce Manley and then she will be able to console him after...

Breakeven Point of Sales for Accounting

IN UNITS=   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TOTAL FIXED COST  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (Bazley, Hancock & Robinson, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CONTRIBUTION PER UNIT IN DOLLARS=   Ã‚  Ã‚  TOTAL FIXED COST  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Cafferky, 2010).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  P/V RATIO Variable Manufacturing Cost Per Unit Proportionate Contribution Per Unit Weighted average contribution per unit P/V Ratio (Contribution Per Unit/Selling Price Per Unit)   Breakeven sales (units) = IN UNITS=  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   TOTAL FIXED COST   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  CONTRIBUTION PER UNIT     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = $270,000   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   $10.15  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = 26601 units   Now 26601 units have been divided in the proportion of 1:1:3 (as determined above) between the products viz. Squid, Proud Stash and Private zoo. Squid  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   =26601  Ã‚   x 1  Ã‚   = 5320 units Proud Stash = 26601  Ã‚   x 1 = 5320 units Private Zoo = 26601  Ã‚  Ã‚   x 3  Ã‚   =15961 units Breakeven sales (units) = IN DOLLARS=  Ã‚  Ã‚   TOTAL FIXED COST  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   P/V RATIO   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = $270,000   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   11.01%   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = $ 2452202 (difference in the sales amount because of rounding off the percentage of P/V ratio to 11.01%) Now sales of $245220 has been divided into the proportion of 1:1:3 (as determined above) between the products viz. Squid, Proud Stash and Private zoo. Squid  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = $2452202  Ã‚   x 1  Ã‚   = $490440 Proud Stash = $2452202  Ã‚   x 1  Ã‚   = $490440   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5 Private Zoo = $2452202  Ã‚   x 3  Ã‚   = $1471321   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   5 Weighted average p/v ratio=  Ã‚   (18.75%x 0.2*)  Ã‚   +  Ã‚   (14.10%x 0.2)  Ã‚   +  Ã‚  Ã‚   (7.40%x 0.6 # )   =11.01% (The percentage figure has been rounded off and due to this reason there could be slight variation in the amount of breakeven sales figure.)#0.2 = 1/5 Weighted average contribution per unit= (12x 0.2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +  Ã‚  Ã‚   (11x 0.2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   +  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (9.25x 0.6)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   = $10.15 Cafferky, M., 2010.  Breakeven Analysis: The definitive guide to cost-volume-profit analysis. Business Expert Press.